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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the files that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file article into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.